分解字符串并查询相关数据

问题：通过分解一个带某种符号分隔的字符串在数据库中查找相关数据。
例如 @str = '1,2,3',查询下表得到记录1,4,5,6
ID TypeID
1  1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
2  2,3 
3  3,7,8,9 
4  2,6 
5  4,5
6  6,7 
*/
-----------------------------
create table tb (ID int , TypeID varchar(30)) 
insert into tb values(1 , '1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12') 
insert into tb values(2 , '2,3') 
insert into tb values(3 , '3,7,8,9') 
insert into tb values(4 , '2,6') 
insert into tb values(5 , '4,5')
insert into tb values(6 , '6,7')
go
-----------------------------
--如果仅仅是一个,如@str = '1'.
declare @str as varchar(30)
set @str = '1'
select * from tb where charindex(',' + @str + ',' , ',' + TypeID + ',') > 0
select * from tb where ',' + TypeID + ',' like '%,' + @str + ',%'
/*
ID          TypeID                         
----------- ------------------------------ 
1           1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
（所影响的行数为 1 行）
*/

-----------------------------
--如果包含两个,如@str = '1,2'.
declare @str as varchar(30)
set @str = '1,2'
select * from tb where charindex(',' + left(@str , charindex(',' , @str) - 1) + ',' , ',' + typeid + ',') > 0 or 
  charindex(',' + substring(@str , charindex(',' , @str) + 1 , len(@str)) + ',' , ',' + typeid + ',') > 0
select * from tb where ',' + typeid + ',' like '%,' + left(@str , charindex(',' , @str) - 1) + ',%' or 
  ',' + typeid + ',' like '%,' + substring(@str , charindex(',' , @str) + 1 , len(@str)) + ',%'
/*
ID          TypeID                         
----------- ------------------------------ 
1           1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
2           2,3
4           2,6
（所影响的行数为 3 行）
*/

-------------------------------------------
--如果包含三个或四个，用PARSENAME函数来处理.
declare @str as varchar(30)
set @str = '1,2,3,4'
select * from tb where 
  charindex(',' + parsename(replace(@str , ',' , '.') , 4) + ',' , ',' + typeid + ',') > 0 or
  charindex(',' + parsename(replace(@str , ',' , '.') , 3) + ',' , ',' + typeid + ',') > 0 or
  charindex(',' + parsename(replace(@str , ',' , '.') , 2) + ',' , ',' + typeid + ',') > 0 or
  charindex(',' + parsename(replace(@str , ',' , '.') , 1) + ',' , ',' + typeid + ',') > 0 
select * from tb where 
  ',' + typeid + ',' like '%,' + parsename(replace(@str , ',' , '.') , 4) + ',%' or
  ',' + typeid + ',' like '%,' + parsename(replace(@str , ',' , '.') , 3) + ',%' or
  ',' + typeid + ',' like '%,' + parsename(replace(@str , ',' , '.') , 2) + ',%' or
  ',' + typeid + ',' like '%,' + parsename(replace(@str , ',' , '.') , 1) + ',%'
/*
ID          TypeID                         
----------- ------------------------------ 
1           1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
2           2,3
3           3,7,8,9
4           2,6
5           4,5
（所影响的行数为 5 行）
*/

---------------------------------------
--如果超过四个，则只能使用函数或动态SQL来分解并查询数据。
/*
名称：fn_split函数.
功能：实现字符串分隔功能的函数
*/
create function dbo.fn_split(@inputstr varchar(8000), @seprator varchar(10))
returns @temp table (a varchar(200))
as 
begin
  declare @i int
  set @inputstr = rtrim(ltrim(@inputstr))
  set @i = charindex(@seprator , @inputstr)
  while @i >= 1
  begin
    insert @temp values(left(@inputstr , @i - 1))
    set @inputstr = substring(@inputstr , @i + 1 , len(@inputstr) - @i)
    set @i = charindex(@seprator , @inputstr)
  end
  if @inputstr <> '\'
  insert @temp values(@inputstr)
  return 
end
go

--调用
declare @str as varchar(30)
set @str = '1,2,3,4,5'

select distinct m.* from tb m,
(select * from dbo.fn_split(@str,',')) n
where charindex(',' + n.a + ',' , ',' + m.typeid + ',') > 0

drop table tb
drop function dbo.fn_split 

/*
ID          TypeID                         
----------- ------------------------------ 
1           1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
2           2,3
3           3,7,8,9
4           2,6
5           4,5
（所影响的行数为 5 行）
*/

------------------------------------------
--使用动态SQL的语句。
declare @str varchar(200)
declare @sql as varchar(1000)
set @str = '1,2,3,4,5'
set @sql = 'select ''' + replace(@str , ',' , ''' as id union all select ''')
set @sql = @sql + ''''
set @sql = 'select distinct a.* from tb a , (' + @sql + ') b where charindex(' + ''','' + b.id + ' + ''',''' + ' , ' + ''','' + a.typeid + ' + ''',''' + ') > 0 '
exec (@sql)
/*
ID          TypeID                         
----------- ------------------------------ 
1           1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
2           2,3
3           3,7,8,9
4           2,6
5           4,5
（所影响的行数为 5 行）
*/